National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (NBDHE) Dental Hygienist Practice Test

Which vitamin deficiency is often linked to immune system dysfunction in periodontal disease?

1. Vitamin B6

2. Vitamin A

3. Vitamin C

4. Vitamin D

The correct answer is: Vitamin C

The link between vitamin C deficiency and immune system dysfunction in periodontal disease is well established. Vitamin C plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including the maintenance of connective tissue and the function of immune cells. It is essential for collagen synthesis, which is necessary for the integrity of periodontal tissues. A deficiency in this vitamin can lead to impaired healing and a reduced immune response, making the body less effective at combating infections, including those found in periodontal disease. Individuals with low levels of vitamin C may experience symptoms such as bleeding gums, which is often a manifestation of periodontal disease. Furthermore, vitamin C has antioxidant properties that help protect the body from oxidative stress, which can exacerbate inflammatory conditions, including those affecting the gums. Therefore, maintaining adequate levels of vitamin C is critical for periodontal health and an effective immune response against oral pathogens.