National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (NBDHE) Dental Hygienist Practice Test

When examining a patient, which symptom might indicate possible systemic health issues?

1. Healthy gums

2. Hygiene compliance

3. Keratinized lesions

4. Use of fluoride toothpaste

The correct answer is: Keratinized lesions

Keratinized lesions in the oral cavity can indicate possible systemic health issues, as they often reflect underlying conditions that may require further investigation. Keratinization is a process where epithelial cells become hardened and may form lesions due to irritation, inflammation, or other systemic factors. For instance, conditions such as oral lichen planus, leukoplakia, and even systemic diseases like autoimmune disorders can present with keratinized lesions. Identifying these types of lesions during an examination can prompt additional diagnostic evaluations or referrals to ensure that any potential health concerns are addressed appropriately. The other options do not typically signify systemic health issues. Healthy gums indicate good oral hygiene and periodontal health. Hygiene compliance reflects a patient's oral care habits, which, while important, do not necessarily suggest systemic issues. The use of fluoride toothpaste is a preventive measure for dental health and does not indicate underlying systemic conditions. Therefore, keratinized lesions are a more direct indicator to watch for potential systemic health problems.